River in Siddhartha Essay Example for Free

River in Siddhartha Essay Siddhartha many times in the book, and has many meanings. In the first chapter, Siddhartha visits the river to bath and to make holy sacrifices. â€Å"The sun browned his slender shoulders on the river bank, while bathing at the holy ablutions, at the holy sacrifices. †(pg3) When Siddhartha left Govinda behind, Siddhartha meets with the river again, and crossing this river led him to a new beginning. â€Å"During the night he slept among the boats on the river, and early in the morning, before the first customers arrived in the shop, he had his beard shaved off by the barber’s assistant. He also had his hair combed and rubbed with fine oil. Then he went to bathe in the river. †(pg52) Moving into the town on the other side of the river, Siddhartha got caught up with having money, just like everyone else in the town. â€Å"He was not long in Kamaswami’s house, when he was already taking a part in his master’s business. Daily, however, at the hour she invited him, he visited the beautiful Kamala, in handsome clothes, in fine shoes and soon he also brought her presents. (pg66) After getting tired of the materialistic lifestyle, Siddhartha crossed the river again, he lets go of all the memories he had on the other side of the river. He started to let go, by giving away his fine clothes. So crossing the river again gave Siddhartha a fresh start. â€Å"Will you accept these clothes from me, which I find a nuisance? I should prefer it if you would give me some old clothes and keep me here as your assistant, or rather your apprentice, for I must learn h ow to handle the boat. †(pg103) Staying with the ferryman, next to the river, was one step closer for Siddhartha to find Nirvana. Whenever Siddhartha meets with the river, it represents rebirth and forgiveness. In this novel, they use the river as a symbol for the stream of life and unity. When Vasudeva teaches Siddhartha to listen carefully for one last time, he hears voices which he always heard before, but this time they sound different, he heard the whole of a thousand sounds, the sound of Om. The river taught Siddhartha unity, that how he left his father and his father was hurt, Siddhartha’s son left him, which left him hurt by the loss. And that the agony is experienced again and again throughout a lifetime.

Diabetes, Minority Status, and the African American and Hispanic American Communities :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Diabetes, Minority Status, and the African American and Hispanic American Communities In March of 2003, a bill known as the "Minority Population Diabetes Prevention and Control Act of 2003" was introduced to Congress, and then referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce. According to this bill's findings, "minority populations, including African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asians, have the highest incidence of diabetes and the highest complications of the disease" (1). The alarming rate at which the incidence of diabetes is affecting African American and Hispanic American communities has led the government, health care professionals, clinics, and other organizations to begin to question the process by which information and treatment is being accessed by members of these communities. Diabetes mellitus is defined as "a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose, which result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both" (2). There are two types of diabetes, one that "occurs when the body produces little or no insulin, and that typically affects children and young adults," and the other, which "typically develops in adults, and occurs when the body does not use insulin effectively", types II diabetes being the most common (3). According to the CDC and the National Center for Health Statistics, "the number of Americans with diabetes in the year 2000 was 17 million or 6.2 percent of the population, as compared to 15.7 million (5.9 percent) in 1998" (4). However, and on average, Hispanic Americans and African Americans are almost twice as likely to have diabetes in comparison to white Americans. In addition, African Americans and Hispanic Americans show a higher incidence of suffering from diabetes related complications including but not limited to eye and kidney disease, amputations, heart disease, heart stroke etc (5). Various factors are said to increase the chances of developing type II diabetes. These factors fall under two categories-genetics and medical/lifestyle risk factors, which include impaired glucose tolerance, gestational diabetes, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, obesity and physical activity (6). Although studies have shied away from making direct correlations between obesity/physical activity and the susceptibility of developing type II diabetes, researchers suspect, however, that a lack of exercise and obesity, as well as other unidentifiable factors, may be contributing to the high diabetes rates in African American and Hispanic American communities. The NHANES III survey indicated that "50 percent of African American men/65 percent of Mexican American men, and 67 percent of African American women/74 percent of Mexican American women participated in little or no exercise" (7).

Interview with Colleen

For the Interview, I chose to Interview my good friend Colleen. I chose to Interview her because we became great friends during the fall of 2009 during an MET class at Greenfield Community College. The interview took place on February 1 1, 2009 after school at the Greenfield Community College library. I asked her several questions about her life and goals, and I learned many interesting facts about her Growing up she began to have a passion for working with horses. At the age of eight, she began taking rolling lessons and hasn't let that passion die. Enjoy riding and feeling the movement of the horse beneath me. When I ride, I feel like nothing can touch me it's just me and my horse. † Being homesteaded let her explore different passions she had. It gave her extra time to spend learning farm management at a local farm, also allowing her to pursue her growing passion for emergency medical care. While In high school she joined her local fire departments Junior department. â€Å" I found that I had a lot to prove joining the Northfield Jar.Program, I was about to embark Into a field that's considered a male dominant field ND me being a female, I had more to prove to my fellow firefighters. † Colleen knew at a young age that she wanted to follow in her grandfather's footsteps and become a firefighter. When asked how her family feels about her chosen career she stated, â€Å"My family doesn't accept my chosen career path. They don't understand why their little girl would want to run into a burning building when others are running out. † I asked Colleen how she felt about this, â€Å"It's something that Eve come to accept with my family.Thought-out life my parents never really supported me In any of my decisions that I've made, I just take it with a grain of salt and do what's best for me. † An example of how her parents don't support her decision in the fire service is recently she learned of Wild Fire Course in Languorous, Mass that after completing this course she would have attained her wild fire red card, which would enable her to be part of the Massachusetts Wild Fire crew which travels to California and many other western states during the summer to help fight the wild fires.When she asked her mother if she could attend this class her mother replied, â€Å"There is no way in hell I'm going to let my daughter travel to California and fight wild fires, I don't support you being on the fire department as is and you should be happy that you're on the local fire department, that should be go enough for you. † Colleen wants nothing more than to further her training and skills in the fire service and with her parents holding her back, she wonders If she will ever get the chance. Colleen Is currently active In academics and beginning her career.Colleen Is currently a part-time student at Greenfield Community College majoring in Fire Science Technology with a minor in Emergency Medical Services. She is looking for ward to finishing her associates degree and advancing her career as a Firefighter and an Emergency Medical Technician. In April of 2009, Colleen achieved her goal of becoming a certified Massachusetts Eve wanted since I can't remember when. Every time my pager goes off call, I still find it hard to believe that when I step out that door, I'm the difference between that errors who called 911 living or dying and to me that's a feeling that I don't think I'll never get use to. Going though the MET basic class Colleen sometimes found herself questioning her career path she had chosen. She would find herself second guessing herself and wondering why she went down this road. She wanted to at times drop the class, but she knew that it would only prove to others that they were right and that she didn't belong in the manly male dominate field of emergency medicine. She would have dropped the class if it wasn't for her current boyfriend a allow met/if, telling her don't listen to what others have to say, I know that you're going to make a great met/if and don't let anyone else tell you differently.With the backing of her boyfriend, Colleen went on to achieving and becoming a Massachusetts MET-Basic. After completing her associates degree at ICC, Colleen hopes to actively pursue and find a full time Job as a firefighter/met. Eventually going on and continuing her Emergency Medical career and becoming a paramedic. After graduation Colleen would love to find a full time Job as a paramedic/ airfreight for a local fire department. At some point Colleen would like to attend the Massachusetts Fire Academy in Stow, Massachusetts.After talking and interviewing Ryan Eve learned that she's not your typical kind of girl. Most guys I know wouldn't run into a burning building as others are running out. I have a lot of respect for her pursuing a career that is male dominate. With Ryan can do attitude I know that she'll one day reach her ultimate goal of becoming a paramedic. I wish hi m the best of luck wherever him career in emergency medicine and becoming a firefight

Positions and Duties on Board a Pirate Ship

While pirates and their ships have taken on mythic status, a pirate ship was an organization much like any other business. Each crew member had a specific role to play and a set of duties to perform that went with it. Life on a pirate ship was much less strict and regimented than it would have been aboard a Royal Navy ship or merchant vessel of the time, however, everyone was expected to do their jobs. As with any other ship, there was a command structure and hierarchy of roles. The better-run and organized the pirate ship, the more successful it was. Ships that lacked discipline or suffered poor leadership generally didn’t last very long. The following list of standard positions aboard a pirate ship is a whos who and whats what of buccaneers and their shipboard duties. The Captain Hulton Archive/Stringer/Getty Images Unlike the Royal Navy or merchant service, in which the captain was a man with a great deal of nautical experience and complete authority, a pirate captain was elected by the crew, and his power was only absolute in the heat of battle or when giving chase. At other times, the captains wishes could be overruled by a simple majority vote. Pirates tended to prefer their captains to be even-tempered and neither too aggressive or too meek. A good captain had to be able to judge when a potential ship could outman them, as well as know which quarry would be easy pickings. Some captains, such as Blackbeard or Black Bart Roberts, had great charisma and easily recruited new pirates to their cause. Captain William Kidd was most famous for being caught and executed for his piracy. Navigator It was hard to find a good navigator during the Golden Age of Piracy. Trained navigators were able to use the stars to determine a ships latitude and therefore could sail from east to west with reasonable ease. Figuring out longitude, however, was much harder, so sailing north to south involved a lot of guesswork. Since pirate ships often ranged far and wide in search of their prizes, sound navigation was crucial. (For example, â€Å"Black Bart† Roberts worked much of the Atlantic Ocean, from the Caribbean to Brazil to Africa.) If there was a skilled navigator aboard a prize ship, pirates would often kidnap him and force him to join their crew. Sailing charts were also considered extremely valuable and were confiscated as booty. Quartermaster After the captain, the quartermaster had the most authority aboard ship. He was in charge of seeing that the captain’s orders were carried out and handled the day-to-day operations of the ship. When there was plunder, the quartermaster divided it up among the crew according to the number of shares each man received as his due. The quartermaster was also in charge of discipline with regard to minor matters such as fighting or casual derelictions of duty. (More severe offenses went before a pirate tribunal.) Quartermasters often inflicted punishments such as floggings. The quartermaster also boarded prize vessels and determined what to take and what to leave behind. Generally, the quartermaster received a double share, the same as the captain. Boatswain The boatswain, or bosun, was in charge of keeping the ship in shape for travel and battle, looking after the wood, canvas, and ropes that were vital to swift and safe sailing. The bosun often led shore parties to restock supplies or find material for repairs when needed. He oversaw activities such as dropping and weighing the anchor, setting the sails, and making sure the deck was swabbed. An experienced boatswain was a very valuable man who often got a share-and-a-half of loot. Cooper Since wooden barrels were the best way to store food, water, and other necessities of life at sea, they were considered extremely important, so every ship needed a cooper—a man skilled in making and maintaining barrels. (If your last name is Cooper, somewhere far back in your family tree, there was probably a barrel maker.) Existing storage barrels had to be regularly inspected to ensure they were sound. Empty barrels were dismantled to make space in limited cargo areas. The cooper would reassemble them as needed should the ship stop to take on food, water or other stores. Carpenter The carpenter, who generally answered to the boatswain, was in charge of ensuring the ship’s structural integrity. He was tasked with fixing holes after combat, making repairs after a storm, keeping the masts and yardarms sound and functional, and knowing when the ship needed to be beached for maintenance or repairs. As pirates usually could not use official dry docks in ports, ships carpenters had to make do with what was at hand. They would often have to make repairs on a deserted island or stretch of beach, using only what they could scavenge or cannibalize from other parts of the ship. Ship’s carpenters often doubled as surgeons, sawing off limbs that were wounded in battle. Doctor or Surgeon Most pirate ships preferred to have a doctor aboard when one was available. Trained doctors were hard to find, and when ships had to go without one, often times a veteran sailor would serve in their stead. Pirates frequently fought—with their victims and with one another—and serious injuries were common. Pirates also suffered from a variety of other ailments, including venereal diseases, such as syphilis and tropical illnesses like malaria. They were also vulnerable to scurvy, an illness caused by a Vitamin C deficiency that most often occurred when a ship was too long at sea and ran out of fresh fruit. Medicines were worth their weight in gold. In fact, when Blackbeard blockaded the port of Charleston, the only thing he asked for was a large chest of medicines. Master Gunner Firing a cannon was an extremely complicated and dangerous procedure when pirates sailed the seas. Everything had to be just so—the placement of the shot, the correct amount of powder, the fuse, and the working parts of the cannon itself—or the results could be disastrous. On top of that, you had to aim the thing, which could weigh in the neighborhood of 1,600 pounds. A skilled gunner was a very valuable part of any pirate crew. They were usually trained by the Royal Navy and had worked their way up from being powder-monkeys—the young boys who ran back and forth carrying gunpowder to the cannons during battles. Master Gunners were in charge of all of the cannons, the gunpowder, the shot, and everything else that had to do with keeping the cannons in working order. Musicians Musicians were popular onboard pirate ships because piracy was a tedious life. Ships spent weeks at sea waiting to find suitable prizes to plunder. Musicians helped pass the time and having skill with a musical instrument brought with it certain privileges, such as playing while the others were working or even increased shares. Musicians were often forcibly taken from ships pirates attacked. On one occasion, when pirates raided a farm in Scotland, they left behind two young women—and brought a piper back instead.

Lisa Jardine s Ingenious Pursuits Building The...

Lisa Jardine’s Ingenious Pursuits: Building the Scientific Revolution provides a comprehensive breakdown of the discoveries that defined the Scientific Revolution and the history behind them. The story of the scientific revolution truly begins with a separation between the Catholic Church and the denizens of Europe brought on by the Protestant Reformation. This separation led directly to the questioning of the church and what they deemed to be true. The growing suspicion of the church applied not only to the politics and religious views but the scientific â€Å"facts† the church was built upon. The suspicion of these scientific facts quickly grew to an open challenging of these facts, The Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution is something we have all studied in our grade school years and the discoveries of people such as Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei are well documented and arguably common knowledge but Jardine’s book Ingenious Pursuits encapsulates the scientific revolution in a new light. Jardine accomplishes this by telling the stories of some of the greatest achievements of the Scientific Revolution. These stories reveal the collaborations of some of histories most brilliant minds as well as the secrecy amongst them and uncover the motives that fueled many of these accomplishments. The events that unfolded to result in â€Å"the intellectual landmark of Newton’s Principia† illustrated the collaborative nature of astronomy throughout Europe, especially England, in

The Tempest Critical Analysis - 1029 Words

Let’s revise the experience and process of discovery with a focus on the transformative nature of the journey. NESA, would like you to be able to recognise that: New discoveries albeit inspiring; often cultivate in confronting and provocative outcomes transforming an individual’s identity and perception either reaffirming or challenging presumptions. However, the ambitious strive for necessitating power and self-fulfillment is only ascertained in one’s ability to defy and transcend contextual limitations. The prescribed text, William Shakespeare’s dramatic tragicomedy â€Å"The Tempest† (1619) exhibits the physical discovery of a new world, fostering renewed intellectual and emotional understandings in relation to the construct of power in a†¦show more content†¦The restoration of Prospero can only occur when he is able to rediscover his humanity through Ariel’s plea, â€Å"Your charm so strongly works ‘em / Your affections would become tender.† This enlightenment awakens a sense of mercy and compassion, from which Prospero is able to f orgive and reconcile with his brother Antonio reevaluating his yearning for revenge. This spiritual revelation positions the reader to appreciate mercy, acknowledging that rediscoveries can stimulate favorable insights. Similarly, in Frida Kahlos artwork On the Border Between Mexico and the United States, of 1932, the notion of emotional discoveries provoking a political transformation hence targeting the area of study greatly. Kahlo’s self portrait is a political statement reflective of her perspective identifying the flaws that capitalism withholds against the oppressed. This is orchestrated through her simultaneously indifferent and direct gaze, Although the tone of Kahlos gaze is passionless, there is a profound strength in her direct acknowledgement of the audience. In such illustration, Kahlo parallels the helplessness and nostalgia that an individual experience in the transformative process of cultural and social discoveries,Show MoreRelatedThe Tempest Critical Analys is1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe process of discovery is largely impacted by a shift in personal and cultural perspectives, enhancing an individual’s understanding of themselves and others in their world. Shakespeare’s 17th century tragicomedy ‘The Tempest’, explores how the disruption of the traditional order of society and the transformative power of forgiveness both facilitate personal discovery. Similarly, Peter Weir’s 1989 film ‘Dead Poets Society’ portrays how questioning one’s personal and cultural context allows an individualRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1705 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Mr. Nath 5 December 2014 The Tempest Written between 1610 and 1611, The Tempest by William Shakespeare is the final play penned by the famous Bard. The play portrays the illusory struggle of power and conscience through the character of Prospero and his egocentric motives. Politically, the play can be seen as an analysis of important political issues relevant to that of oppression and imperialistic tendencies of the time. Artistically, The Tempest emphasizes the nature of art, more prominentlyRead More Conflict and Harmony in The Tempest Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesConflict and Harmony in The Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare describes a utopic world saturated with supernatural images and ideas which works to create the mysterious island where The Tempest takes place.   This is one of Shakespeares best examples of how a natural harmony reveals itself through the actions of discourse and confusion.   To illustrate this idea best one must examine the historical context upon which The Tempest is based.   Because this play was published in the early 1600sRead MoreCase 28ID: A Case Study of Cisco Systems1538 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis #28 Cisco Systems, Inc.: Acquisition integration for manufacturing Who are the main players? The main player in this case study is Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco is one of the largest and most diverse technological firms in the IT industry at the time when the case study was set (in the mid 1990s). The other key player is Summa Four, a mid-sized technology firm that Cisco desired to acquire. In the 1990s, Ciscos dominance was legendary. It had played a critical role in forming the architectureRead MoreEssay on Post Colonial Interpretations of Shakespeare’s The Tempest1908 Words   |  8 PagesPost Colonial Interpretations of Shakespeare’s The Tempest â€Å"†¦do we really expect, amidst this ruin and undoing of our life, that any is yet left a free and uncorrupted judge of great things and things which reads to eternity; and that we are not downright bribed by our desire to better ourselves?† – Longinus Since the seventeenth century many interpretations and criticisms of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest have been recorded. Yet, since the play is widely symbolical and allegorical Shakespeare’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s The Tempest 2603 Words   |  11 PagesOne of the most influential plays written by Shakespeare is not one listed above. The play that reflects the life and all of Shakespeare?s plays is The Tempest. This work was and still is influential in both America, Britain and around the world. Although William Shakespeare was an influential writer in American and British literature, The Tempest reaches beyond a comparison to the new world- America and points to an autobiographical drama that is a reflection of the life of Shakespeare and hisRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest3488 Words   |  14 PagesAn Analysis of Shakespeares The Tempest There are many ways of interpreting Shakespeares The Tempest. A Post-Colonialist critic, such as Stephen Greenblatt, will look at the influence of historical and political implications of colonialism on the text. Along these lines, a Reader Response critic, such as Paul Yachnin, will look specifically at Shakespeares audience and their concerns at the time in which the play was written. Very different from these approaches, a Psychological criticRead More The Utopian Solution in The Tempest Essays2461 Words   |  10 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   The entrance of The Tempest into theatres between 1610 and 1611, signifies a possible correlation between Shakespeares play and the colonization of the ideal New World. Before analyzing the courtly order and utopian theme in The Tempest, it is important to understand the politics and culture of the court in the early 17th century. The society that Shakespeare emerges from plays an important role in the themes portrayed in The Tempest, because it leads to the utopian solution to the politicalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 30960 Words   |  4 Pagesconnected he was to love itself, the better of a writer he could be. I believe Shakespeare at least hoped love heard him.† (https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130326050019AAtjxcx) â€Å"O no! [Love] is an ever-fixed mark / That looks on tempests and is never shaken (5)† In Sonnet 116, Shakespeare concisely defines his conception of ideal love as permanent and Final Research Paper LaDuke PAGE 3 unchanging. True love never changes or diminishes, despite any challenges it encountersRead More Defending Prospero in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesDefending Prospero in The Tempest      Ã‚   In William Shakespeares The Tempest, the character of Prospero brings about a great deal of debate. Modern literary critics are quick to use him as a poster child for English colonial practice in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Many see him as person who desires complete control of everything around him from the fish-like monster Caliban to his spirit servant Ariel, even his own daughter Miranda. Others believe that Prosperos sole motive is revenge

Networking and Communications Free Essays

The concepts of networks and communication have come from computers and Internet and are not really very old. The advantages of these methods of communication are that messages can be sent sitting at the computer in houses or over a laptop, the communication reaches the intended receiver almost immediately and permits the receiver to also start acting on the communication immediately. There are always advantages in having physical value chains and this is what leads shops to develop warehouses and try to be merchandisers though they do not have the capacity to be so. We will write a custom essay sample on Networking and Communications or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, the new methods of information create opportunities to simplify the value chain and thus develop businesses that have better sources of competitive advantage. An example of such stores is Amazon, which offers its potential customers a list of 2. 5 million books and this list is ten times the size of the nearest chain stores. The organization also does not have the books in its store, but have the books delivered to its customers through orders to two wholesalers in the industry after the customers have placed orders. The facility available with Amazon is only to repack the books and mail them. This makes sure that some difficulties come in and Amazon cannot offer books off the shelves, nor can their customers see the books on shelves. At the same time, their methods of selling provide them with lower costs and provide customers with superior information and lower costs. (Tapscott, 30) Some of the advantages are provided by the medium itself. Through the computer it is possible to send a message to a person without meeting him directly, or even knowing whether he is there or not. A shop can collect orders at the time when it is not open and save its employees time as the full list of items required will be sent by the customers themselves. (Lynda, 13) This particular already has a server and that means it already has and Internet connection and the computer is already able to accept messages through the Internet. His may be in the form of Intranets meant for use by the employees of the store, or in the form of a VPN. This is a Virtual Private Network which accommodates the needs of employees not located in the same office and is in the form of a private network using the public network, or Internet to get them together. There is no requirement to use a leased line, but there is usage of virtual connections operating through the Internet. (How Virtual Private Networks Work) The use of the second server is to be a back up for the first server and also to record orders from the customers. This does not involve many risks as the orders can be received on an e-mail connection and they are quite safe for the users. Further safety can be ensured through presently available. The size of e-mail connections are also large now, of the order of 1GB and can be made even larger. At the start of the working day, employees can be asked to unload orders received from the Internet to the computer of the store. The time has already been decided as being 11 am. All the orders can be placed in order and then prepared for execution. If the execution of orders are finished before the end of closing hours, then further orders, if any are available on the e-mail site, can be taken up for execution. This process is generally safe. The only difficulty comes from false orders, but that can be checked through a paying mechanism connected to the delivery part. When the order is delivered, the store will definitely collect payment, and this can be through a bank payment service, credit card or some other mechanism. When the order is sent to the store, an authorization should be sent by the buyer to the paying party also. This can be checked by the store, before delivery. If the material is to be collected from the store, then, the problems are less as the consumer will have to make payments directly. Purchases for a small store are difficult and often require expertise which the individual store may not possess. The solution that is often reached is to become a member of a buying group who will act as the buying organization for all stores, though the stores may be owned by different persons. Buying groups exist in practically all segments of the retail industry and some of the groups provide services in terms of product management and obtaining discounts for the stores through the process of summing up all quantities required and thus obtaining discounts for wholesale purchases. Even in the international scene, there are buying groups. Those organizations often have buying units distributed all over the world. (Varley, 36) In the long run, the exercise of computerization should not disturb this angle and the existing method of purchases can still be retained. The advantages will come from the fact that as soon as sales are made, or orders executed, a record can be updated for the item in question. The importance in this aspect is only for items in â€Å"A† category after an analysis of the items for sales through an ABC analysis. For those items, since they involve an importance in terms of customer satisfaction, or investment, it is essential that a close record be kept. It is also possible, like Amazon to collect some of the expensive items on a day to day basis. These are decisions for executive management to consider. If the access to the store by the purchasers is only through e-mail, then they have no chance of directly collecting the information from the store’s computer, except through certain bugs that may be placed in the computer along with orders. This is a problem that comes even when the computer user visits certain sites, and can be wiped out through the use of anti-virus software and proper design of the computer system. The biggest point to remember is that most users now use Internet Explorer as their language for communication with Internet since they have the basic language as Windows. On the other hand, the store may use Mozilla Firefox for communicating with Internet. This will automatically knock out a lot of infections. Apart from this are for the computer to be working on a non-windows system and this can be done through some programming in Java. The details will have to be worked out with a computer expert. If the information of the company is stored on a different disk also, the chances of removal are much lower. This is not so difficult since the question of disks is only of virtual separation through programming. At the same time, it is also important to note that secrets about the organization also should not be available to internal users within the company unless they are permitted access. This can be controlled through requirement of passwords for entering those sections, but at the same time, the users will have to be careful about storage of the passwords. To an extent, the problem of exposure of passwords can be controlled through changes of passwords on a regular basis. The job of a network administrator involves many tasks and to an extent the tasks are also decided by the experience of the administrator in the job. The first step is to create its design, and this job has to be done by a senior network architect. Since this network has been operating for some time, one presumes that it has a network administrator who has been in charge of the system, and this person, if he is conversant enough with computers will be able to decide on its required expansion. The second set of responsibilities of the network administrator begins after the network is designed and this involves setting up and configuring the network. It is important to remember that due to the complications of the network this may take some time, and, in general the old system should be permitted to continue till the new system is tested and ready. Then the switchover can be done within a short period of a weekend or so. This will cause the least amount of disturbances to working. (Responsibilities of the Network Administrator) After all the store has to sell and earn money and computers are only assistance and cannot be permitted to come in the way of operations. The job now includes installing the physical aspects of the changes, configuring the files or databases, hosts, routers and network configuration servers. The third phase of network administration security involves regular tasks that have to be done – adding new host machines, direct administration, administration of network services and trouble shooting problems that are seen to arise. In this case, the problem seems to be one of adding new hosts and increasing services of the network for which more software is expected to be wanted. (Responsibilities of the Network Administrator) This is however and ongoing process and one success will lead to another and this will require changes not planned in the earlier phase. In this case, let us say that the plan of expansion succeeds in satisfying the customers, and adds profits for the organization, and then a second store may be required. For this sort of problems a principle of redundancy should be built into network designing. From the general, let us get into the specific and all organizations involved with computer software have their own recommendations for network service and Microsoft talks about it including Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP, Windows Internet Name Service or WINS and Domain Name System or DNS. These are all software and part of these may massage the egos of the owners of the system, but whether they are needed or not will have to be determined by those designing the system. Microsoft has made a system management function which provides guidance for the operation of the above named services and for maintenance of the hardware which will hold these programs. There is also a guide for getting required software for this purpose. (Service Management Functions: Network Administration) Considering the number of updates that come in for Windows, it does not seem to be very reliable software. There are also software designed for many different users and in these many users can work on the system at the same time and maintain files. An example of such a system is IRIX. The only problem is that this system permits the workstation to be connected to networks and permits transfer of files from one to the other. (Overview of System Administration) Does this system require this facility, or will it be a source of trouble? The point is that all systems have to be designed according to the requirements as deemed fit by the management and first the thought of the management have to be clarified. To conclude, computers are the latest tools for the egos of today, but, at the same time, one should not end up with a system having a lot of useless or dangerous facilities. How to cite Networking and Communications, Essay examples